Social Darwinism is the idea that some groups of society are stronger than others or also known as Survival of the fittest. It is often smeared for its social Darwinism. According to this interpretation, Sumner thinks that people must struggle with each other in order to live. British superiority and embracing Social Darwinism Social Darwinists believe in survival of the fittestthe idea that certain people become powerful in society because they are innately better. During his creation people scrutinized him, and when he failed told him that he was uneducated. This was the only thing which moved, for the lips of the oldest did not move as they said: Street Sweeper.(1.29). This is the grain of truth in the social Darwinist caricature, but it is no more than a grain. QZdO3.6525)3b9dMo{ . Darwinism Web- there are amusing sidelights to this social darwinism; Charles Kellogg was a social darwinist and a zealot for moral purity. Social Darwinism There are a few appealing aspects to the act of eugenics. Evolution: Darwin: In the Name of Darwin - PBS Facing History & Ourselves uses lessons of history to challenge teachers and their students to stand up to bigotry and hate. WebEconomical, political, and social causes were the roots of imperialism. developments in human. WebAccording to the principle of Social Darwinism, only the strongest states would survive. (Boldface added. This theory was adapted by Herbert Spencer and resulted in the ideology that is known today as Social Darwinism. Yet some have used the theory to justify a particular view of human social, political, or economic conditions. Based largely on notions of competition and natural selection, Social Darwinist theories generally hold that the powerful in society are innately better than the weak and that success is proof of their superiority. . This imperialist mood was directly influenced by By 1914, these imperial powers had fully colonized the continent, exploiting its people and resources. At the Congress of Berlin in 1884, 15 European powers divided Africa among them. But the Congo Free State, with all its magniloquent heralding of Peace, Christianity, and Commerce, degenerating into murder, mutilation, and downright robbery, differed only in degree and concentration from the tale of all Africa in this rape of the continent already furiously mangled by the slave trade. Students deepen their thinking about memory and identity by reflecting on the stories of Holocaust and Armenian Genocide survivors and their descendants. In my opinion the poverty that some minority groups face has more to do with the personal situation of the individual and the discrimination they face, rather than anything either biologically or culturally inherited. Social darwinism was also used as a justification for imperialism in the 19th and 20th centuries. to promote the ideal of perfecting the human race In the 1800s, European nations acquired great wealth and power from both the natural resources of the lands they conquered and the forced labor of the Eugenics became a popular social movement in America, peaking in the 1920s and 1930s. In it, he revealed that the Congress of Berlin was having an impact on Africa nearly two weeks before the first group of delegates arrived in Germany. day, the science of genetics was not yet understood. Which one of these types is better? HWO[WY8&MHSc)
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Kg9S MQ0l :G j^l]ogGx ' B5PC Imperialism is when a stronger nation takes over a weaker nation or region and dominates its economic, political, or cultural life. In May 1941, the tank general Erich Hoepner explained the wars meaning to his troops: The war against Russia is an essential chapter in the German peoples battle for survival. In 1915, W. E. B. Often times the words social construct is thrown around in discussion and work without being defined or understood. So from the first step that man made above the brute the thing which made his civilization possible was capital. social and political relations of science. The end result was a death count between fifty million to eighty million people. Many European countries were practicing imperialism WebSocial Darwinists believe in survival of the fittestthe idea that certain people become powerful in society because they are innately better.Social Darwinism has been used to justify imperialism, racism, eugenics and social inequality at various times over the past century and a half. After the Civil War the Souths economy and people were left in devastation, especially considering that some 650,000 men died in the war, including 260,000 Confederates -- over one-fifths of the Souths adult white male population ("America 's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War"). It argues that the strong see their wealth and power increase while the weak see their wealth and power decrease. Rhodes was an imperialist, and to an imperialist, expansion was everything. Imperialism is the policy of expanding the rule of a nation or empire over foreign countries by force. They came to establish rules for dividing up Africathe only large landmass Europeans had not yet fully colonized. Julian Huxley and H. B. D. Kittlewell even concluded that social Darwinism "led to the glorification of free enterprise, laissez-faire economics and war, to an unscientific eugenics and racism, and eventually to Hitler and Nazi ideology" (in Huxley and Kittlewell, 1965, p. 81). According to his theory of evolution, only the plants and animals best adapted to their environment survive to reproduce and transfer their genes to the next generation. Social Darwinism originated in Britain during the second half of the 19th century. WebAnswer (1 of 6): Imperialism is defined as a policy of extending a countrys power and influence through diplomacy or military force (Oxford Dictionaries) By that definition, almost all nation states are imperialistic. Furthermore, it ought to be distinctly perceived that any charitable and benevolent effort which any man desires to make voluntarily, to see if he can do any good, lies entirely beyond the field of discussion. Lying treaties, rivers of rum, murder, assassination, mutilation, rape, and torture have marked the progress of Englishman, German, Frenchman, and Belgian on the dark continent. In this podcast, he reveals to Dan what he has discovered and how it has led him to create the first accessible and authoritative account of the Holocaust in more than three decades. The thought of improving the human race by manipulating who is allowed to breed can either be appalling or compelling. Houston Stewart Chamberlain, who was born into a family of English military officers on September 9, 1855, became a widely recognized advocate of race inequality and Aryan superiority in his adopted country of Germany.In his writings he built his enthusiasm for German cultural and intellectual WebPrompt 1: Evaluate the extent to which states strengthened and/or expanded control over colonies in the 1750 to 1900 time period. In both chapters, Sharp in great detail gives the reader many scenarios in which oppressed groups through civil disobedience fight against their oppressors, usually leading to victory which resembles freedom and liberation. But it seems impossible that any one who has studied the matter should doubt that we have gained immeasurably, and that our farther gains lie in going forward, not in going backward. Those who supported imperialism believed that the places that were being colonized weren't as fit or as a strong as the imperial country was. It implied that certain races were superior to others because of their technological advancements. It was this language that was integral to promulgating Nazism, and especially to gaining the assistance of tens of thousands of regular Germans in persecuting the Holocaust. Copyright 2023 Facing History & Ourselves. Students are introduced to the many factors that influenced Americans will and ability to respond to the Jewish refugee crisis, including isolationism, racism, xenophobia, and antisemitism. The ideological motives for Imperialism were largely driven by social Darwinism, systemic racism, and European nations' belief in their superiority over the people of the countries they annexed. . Students develop a contract establishing a reflective classroom community as they prepare to explore the historical case study of this unit. That life once held more poetry and romance is true enough. The most infamous instance of Social Darwinism in action is in the genocidal policies of the Nazi German Government in the 1930s and 40s. Thus, the world began to invest in color prejudice. Tu ne cede malis,sed contra audentior ito, Website powered by Mises Institute donors, Mises Institute is a tax-exempt 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. The Berlin Conference to apportion the rising riches of Africa among the white peoples met on the fifteenth day of November, 1884. In the history of earlier centuries these duties, gentlemen, have often been misunderstood, and certainly when the Spanish soldiers and explorers introduced slavery into Central America, they did not fulfill their duty as men of a higher race. Our headquarters are located at: 89 South Street, Suite 401, Boston, MA 02111. Capital is force, human energy stored or accumulated, and very few people ever come to appreciate its importance to civilized life. of Eugenics, Daniel Kevles, ix-xiii. Post-Enlightenment, people started turning to science to answer life's questions and not religion. Copyright 2023 IPL.org All rights reserved. survival of the fittest and the process of natural selection, was written in 1859 and was a theory based on the behaviour of animals. Students examine how choices made by individuals and groups contributed to the rise of the Nazi Party in the 1920s and 1930s. 2. This assumption was based on the fact that more civilized meant more technologically advanced. Students analyze images and film that convey the richness of Jewish life across Europe at the time of the Nazis ascension to power. 3. The locomotive is only possible today because, from the flint-knife up, one achievement has been multiplied into another through thousands of generations. WebDrawing on social Darwinism, supporters of the 20th-century eugenics movement sought to "improve" human genetic stock, much as farmers do in agriculture. Historical opinion is mixed as to how formative social Darwinist principles were to Nazi ideology. To say that societymust provide for the poor and weak is to say that some people (the haves) should be compelled by others to do so. Rather than Darwin, Social Darwinism is derived most directlyfrom the writings of Herbert Spencer, who believed that human societies developed like natural organisms. House of Cards: Has the US Economy Recovered? Chief of all, however, they found that means of robbery which consisted in gaining control of the civil organizationthe Stateand using its poetry and romance as a glamour under cover of which they made robbery lawful.Now, if there are groups of people who have a claim to other people's labor and self-denial, and if there are other people whose labor and self-denial are liable to be claimed by the first groups, then there certainly are classes,and classes of the oldest and most vicious type. Copyright In this case, the strongest It was openly embraced as promoting the notion that the strongest should naturally prevail, and was a key feature of Nazi propaganda films, some which illustrated it with scenes of beetles fighting each other. Anne Boleyn and Katherine of Aragon Brilliant Rivals, Hitler vs Stalin: The Battle for Stalingrad, How Natural Disasters Have Shaped Humanity, Hasdrubal Barca: How Hannibals Fight Against Rome Depended on His Brother, Wise Gals: The Spies Who Built the CIA and Changed the Future of Espionage, Bones in the Attic: The Forgotten Fallen of Waterloo, How Climate and the Natural World Have Shaped Civilisations Across Time, The Rise and Fall of Charles Ponzi: How a Pyramid Scheme Changed the Face of Finance Forever. We cannot now stir a step in our life without capital. World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines Question 1: Document- Based Question, Imperialism and Asian and African economies points General Scoring complex understanding must be part of the argument, not merely a phrase or reference 2022 College Board AP? '.M|"U?LrUV>P9|QVPT^
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\K u .S-o)-D{v%Jxz>/X.bBv \7+#7H}g`\,r?xwT'e-#YYM_FPodDG(/2JWD~ WebHow did ideologies contributed to the development of imperialism? How did social Darwinism The idea is that the evolutionary processes in natural history have parallels in social history, that their same rules apply. ", Daniel By agreeing to abide by those rules, the group hoped to avoid a war in Europe. Darwinism And Imperialism - 1557 Words | Internet Public Library In my essay I would like to speak about the beginning of racism, the situation nowadays, about the Civil Rights Movement and of course about a person, who had the greatest influence on the problem of racism in the history Martin Luther King. 4B-N:HYxUS5FkaNTJmnlrpsJ,~:ajklu^Mw`V ioa+UqjA=oCh|D0?6h+z Be67VZ/W&rzsLSG H/)Cx^p7Ld? "Could not the race of men be similarly improved? while multiplying its "desirables" -- that is, by William Graham Sumner Was No "Social Darwinist" | Mises Institute Social Darwinism Social Darwinism Du Bois analysis of the profound consequences of Europe's colonization of Africa. It was Spencer who coined the term survival of the fittest., He opposed any laws that helped workers, the poor, and those he deemed genetically weak. Social Those who supported imperialism In the late 1800s, English businessman Cecil Rhodes made a fortune claiming huge tracts of land in South Africaplaces rich in gold and diamondsand brutally exploiting the labor of the local population, who he considered to be members of an inferior race. 1 0 obj<>
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any evolutionary argument about the biological basis of human differences. It is the old struggle between the Germanic peoples and the Slavs, the defence of European culture against muscovite-Asiatic invasion, the defence against Jewish communism. What I choose to do by way of exercising my own sympathies under my own reason and conscience is one thing; what another man forces me to do of a sympathetic character, because his reason and conscience approve of it, is quite another thing. The Economic And Economic Causes Of Imperialism Rhodes was an imperialist, and to an imperialist, expansion was everything.. Hundreds of history documentaries, ad free podcasts and subscriber rewards. World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines Reporting Category, B su tp, Thnh vin, ng k, 2021 AP exam administration sample student responses AP world history: modern document based question, 2021 AP exam administration sample student responses AP world history: modern long essay question 2, 2021 AP exam administration sample student responses AP world history: modern short answer question 2, 2021 AP exam administration sample student responses AP world history: modern short answer question 1, 2022 AP student samples and commentary AP world history: modern short answer question 4, 2022 AP student samples and commentary AP world history: modern short answer question 3, 2022 AP student samples and commentary AP world history: modern short answer question 2, 2022 AP student samples and commentary AP world history: modern short answer question 1, 2022 AP student samples and commentary AP world history: modern long essay question 4, 2022 AP student samples and commentary AP world history: modern long essay question 3, 2022 AP student samples and commentary AP world history: modern long essay question 2, 2022 AP student samples and commentary AP world history: modern document based question, 2021 AP exam administration sample student responses AP world history: modern long essay question 4, 2021 AP exam administration sample student responses AP world history: modern long essay question 3, 2021 AP exam administration sample student responses AP world history: modern short answer question 4, 2021 AP exam administration sample student responses AP world history: modern short answer question 3, 2022 AP student samples and commentary AP physics c: electricity and magnetism FRQ 2: set 2, 2022 AP student samples and commentary AP physics c: electricity and magnetism FRQ 2: set 1, 2022 AP student samples and commentary AP physics c: electricity and magnetism FRQ 1: set 2, 2022 AP student samples and commentary AP physics c: electricity and magnetism FRQ 1: set 1, tin hnh xy dng chng trnh o to dnh cho i tng khng chuyn ng ti vit nam, iu tra vi i tng sinh vin hc ting nht khng chuyn ng1, kho st thc t ging dy ting nht khng chuyn ng ti vit nam, xc nh mc p ng v vn ho v chuyn mn trong ct, pht huy nhng thnh tu cng ngh mi nht c p dng vo cng tc dy v hc ngoi ng, cc c tnh ca ng c in khng ng b, ch tiu cht lng theo cht lng phm cht sn phm kh t go ca b y t nm 2008, c ln em cng b m i thm m ngi thn trong ngy l tt, c im chung v vai tr ca ngnh rut khoang, Quy nh chnh sch bn ti liu, Hng dn thanh ton. What do you think it meant to Jules Ferry to civilize the inferior races of Africa? Essay on the Inequality of Human Races x| Princes and paupers meet on this plane, and no other men are on it all. Framed as a euthanasia program, this new bureaucracy was headed by physicians active in the study of eugenics, who saw Nazism as applied biology, and who had a mandate to kill anyone deemed to have a life unworthy of living. It quickly became a taboo after World War II when Nazi Germany used it as an excuse for genocide. FRz<6lxRLi]Bb`n%h.X16K]9~O(+"_FCdW2zv The Real Economy: What Hillary and Trump Cant and Wont Address. S;GQ:jNN;tT~Hi;,Iw({OozI7B~",Jf#[5X5FgLlK+p29g:V/kb%
:RH+nNtg8&jIvixxq4.>SKG[qv ~?vwv o\X+beOKs1_;1j:2Z"sv1#Oo},=K A range of cultural, religious, and racial ideologies were used to justify imperialism, including Social Darwinism, nationalism, the concept of the civilizing mission, and the desire to religiously convert indigenous populations.. What are the 4 motives of imperialism? Students explore the intertwined personal stories of Jewish refugees who attempted to flee to the United States and the American rescuers who intervened on their behalf. The product was Social Darwinism. How did social darwinism relate to imperialism? - Answers Social Darwinism - Simply Psychology Portrait of Thomas Robert Malthus (Image Credit: John Linnell / Wellcome Collection / CC). This caricature, Rhodes Colossus, depicts British imperialist Cecil Rhodes straddling the continent of Africa after announcing plans for a telegraph line from Cape Town to Cairo. He Social Darwinism applies biological concepts of natural selection and survival of the fittest to sociology, economics, and politics. Darwin believed that human races are divided into two groups; strong and weak. A society based on contract, therefore, gives the utmost room and chance for individual development, and for all the self-reliance and dignity of a free man. At the Congress of Berlin in 1884, 15 European powers divided Africa among them. "Tapping the Roots of Power" and "An Active Technique of Struggle" are two chapters where Gene Sharp, analyzes how power is continuously interchangeable amongst the oppressed which are usually minorities and their oppressors which usually are symbolized by people of power. %PDF-1.3 Du Bois writes: Thus, the world began to invest in color prejudice. ? One such distortion and misuse is the loose collection of ideologies grouped under the label of "Social Darwinism." Social Darwinism Emerges and Is Used to Justify It broadly meant evolving from the barbarian stage of society to the industrial stage. Charles Darwins theory of natural selection and his idea of survival of the fittest (755) was NSDAP Reichsleiter Philipp Bouhler in October 1938. Claudia Bautista, Santa Monica, Calif. You must have JavaScript enabled to use this form. Social Darwinism or Imperialism in History the Stanley Woodward Professor of History at Yale Fighting in the Fog: Who Won the Battle of Barnet? Racism is treating someone differently of unfairly simply because they belong to a different ethnic community of have a different religion or nationality. The program was officially discontinued in August 1941 (which coincided with the escalation of the Holocaust), but killings continued covertly until the Nazi defeat in 1945. . [ F2{_i57L
~(f/w[JuMCsc0s7es-YCSP% HGQT(~c(Ili8y7Co{GZ]d J} \T8{.&(RrfKb-o]{ 5 &5dO-7H6% 0rSMeAU$k}k#-YCPS $@(|'RuUn=y'mHmo %D7znw)V?piK Historically, some have transplanted Darwins ideas uneasily and imperfectly onto social analysis. He has written extensively about the The belief in social darwinism and how it could help the less civilized citizens in America. See full-sized image for analysis. Voices for Imperialism: Josiah Strong and the I believe that racism can be stopped in three ways. have misapplied the biological principles of natural Social Darwinism justified imperialism. Did Social Darwinism contribute to imperialism? Sage-Answer New York, NY 10024-5102Phone: 212-769-5100. We cannot build a school, a hospital, a church, or employ a missionary society, without capital, any more than we could build a palace or a factory without capital. A. How is social Darwinism used to justify racism? Social Darwinism Rationales for Imperialism The idea that those who participate in these everyday forms of resistance, choose not to bring attention to themselves is also reinforced multiple times throughout the text. The Color Line began to pay dividends. What does he mean by invest? How did this line of thought develop, and how did the Nazis use it to spread their genocidal policies? World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines Document Summaries Document Summary European imperialism affected economies in Africa and/ or Asia in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries 2022 College Board AP? B. Thus, his invention of corn flakes was an attempt to find a quick and easy cereal substitute for bacon and eggs. In our modern state, and in the United States more than anywhere else, the social structure is based on contract, and status is of the least importance. It is better, in his view, to help those who have good prospects of bettering themselves thanto help the incorrigible. fit and discouraging that of the unfit. If we study this issue carefully, we find that this issue is popular and prevalent everywhere throughout literature without taking some important points into account. Du Bois, an African American scholar and activist, summed up the meeting held some 30 years earlier in an article in the Atlantic Monthly. Social Darwinism was a sociological theory popular in late nineteenth-century Europe and the United States. Webng nhp bng facebook. Feeling superior or more powerful than another race shows the evil within racism. 2022 AP World History: Modern Sample Student Responses and Scoring Commentary Inside: Document-Based Question R Scoring Guidelines R Student Samples R Scoring Commentary 2022 College Board College Board, Advanced Placement, AP, AP Central, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of College Board Visit College Board on the web: collegeboard.org AP Central is the official online home for the AP Program: apcentral.collegeboard.org AP World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines Question 1: Document-Based Question, Imperialism and Asian and African economies points General Scoring Notes Except where otherwise noted, each point of these rubrics is earned independently; for example, a student could earn a point for evidence without earning a point for thesis/claim Accuracy: The components of these rubrics require that students demonstrate historically defensible content knowledge Given the timed nature of the exam, essays may contain errors that not detract from their overall quality, as long as the historical content used to advance the argument is accurate Clarity: Exam essays should be considered first drafts and thus may contain grammatical errors Those errors will not be counted against a student unless they obscure the successful demonstration of the content knowledge, skills, and practices described below Evaluate the extent to which European imperialism affected economies in Africa and/or Asia in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries 2022 College Board AP World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines Reporting Category Row A Thesis/Claim Scoring Criteria points Does not meet the criteria for one point (0-1 points) point Responds to the prompt with a historically defensible thesis/claim that establishes a line of reasoning Decision Rules and Scoring Notes Responses that not earn this point: Are not historically defensible Only restate or rephrase the prompt Do not respond to the prompt Do not establish a line of reasoning Are overgeneralized Responses that earn this point: Provide a historically defensible thesis or claim that establishes a position on the extent to which European imperialism affected economies in Africa and/or Asia in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries The thesis or claim must either provide some indication of the reason for making that claim OR establish categories of the argument Examples that not earn this point: Examples that earn this point: Provide a historically defensible claim, but not establish a line of reasoning Europeans imported raw materials from Asia and Africa. Establish a line of reasoning that evaluates the topic of the prompt States in Africa and Asia often saw their global trade heavily disrupted by European imperialism. Asian states often tried to prevent European imperialism from disrupting their economies but failed in doing so. Establish a line of reasoning, but not provide a historically defensible claim European imperialism did not greatly alter the traditional trading practices of African kingdoms and states. Do not focus on the topic of the prompt The First and Second World War strongly influenced anti-colonial efforts in Africa and Asia. Establish a line of reasoning that evaluates the topic of the prompt with analytic categories While European Imperialism certainly forced African and Asian economies to change, these changes often benefited local elites and Europeans. Establish a line of reasoning European Imperialism often negatively affected African economies. (Minimally acceptable thesis/claim) Additional Notes: The thesis or claim must consist of one or more sentences located in one place, either in the introduction or the conclusion (which may not be limited to the first or last paragraphs) The thesis or claim must identify a relevant development(s) in the period, although it is not required to encompass the entire period 2022 College Board AP World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines Reporting Category Row B Contextualization (0-1 points) Scoring Criteria points Does not meet the criteria for one point point Describes a broader historical context relevant to the prompt Decision Rules and Scoring Notes Responses that not earn this point: Provide an overgeneralized statement about the time period referenced in the prompt Provide context that is not relevant to the prompt Provide a passing phrase or reference Responses that earn this point: Accurately describe a context relevant to the extent to which European imperialism affected economies in Africa and/or Asia in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries Examples that not earn this point: Do not provide context relevant to the topic of the prompt: States during the First World War produced propaganda to convince soldiers to fight. Examples of relevant context that earn this point include the following if appropriate elaboration is provided: European extraction economies, such as mining operations in Africa, developed European nations competed with one another for influence and territory in Africa and Asia Anti-imperialist movements were often strongly influenced by nationalism, such as in Thailand European nations often completed infrastructure projects in imperialized regions, such as the British building railroads in India The use of fossil fuels contributed to high demand for energy sources New imperialist, ideas such as the civilizing mission and Social Darwinism in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, led European nations to take more direct control over states in Africa and Asia Provide a passing phrase or reference European Imperialism often perpetuated racial prejudice. Examples of acceptable contextualization: European nations in the late nineteenth century divided up Africa between them during the Berlin Conference. Additional Notes: The response must relate the topic of the prompt to broader historical events, developments, or processes that occur before, during, or continue after the time frame of the question To earn this point, the context provided must be more than a phrase or reference 2022 College Board AP World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines Reporting Category Row C Evidence 0-3 points Scoring Criteria Evidence from the Documents points Does not meet the criteria for one point point Uses the content of at least three documents to address the topic of the prompt points Supports an argument in response to the prompt using at least six documents Decision Rules and Scoring Notes Responses that not earn points: Use evidence from less than three of the documents Misinterpret the content of the document Quote, without an accompanying description, of the content of the documents Address documents collectively rather than considering separately the content of each document Responses that earn point: Accurately describerather than simply quotethe content from at least three of the documents to address the topic of European imperialism and/or economies in Africa and/or Asia in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries Responses that earn points: Support an argument in response to the prompt by accurately using the content of at least six documents Examples of describing the content of a document: Examples of supporting an argument using the content of a document: (Document 5): The account by the Congolese refugee shows how the Belgian colonizers harsh demands for rubber production led to starvation and violence among the native population The account shows the extent of economic disruption brought to African society by imperialism. (Connects the content of the document to an argument about the great extent to which European imperialism disrupted or even destroyed some African economies) (Document 6): Ndansi Kumalos account shows the devastation of traditional African economies by imperialism, by relating how the Ndebele were forced into wage work for the White settlers in mines and farms, where they were subjected to high taxes. (Connects the content of the document to an argument about the extent to which imperialism transformed and disrupted traditional African economic activities) Describe evidence from the documents relevant to the topic but not use that evidence to support an argument (Document 2) The graph shows that there was a big reversal in the trade between 1810 and 1830, with India exporting less cloth to Britain and importing much more cloth from Britain. Additional Notes: To earn points, the response does not have to use the six documents in support of a single argument-they can be used across sub-arguments or to address counterarguments 2022 College Board AP World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines Row C (continued) Evidence Beyond the Documents: points Does not meet the criteria for one point point Uses at least one additional piece of the specific historical evidence (beyond that found in the documents) relevant to an argument about the prompt Responses that not earn this point: Provide evidence that is not relevant to an argument about the prompt Provide evidence that is outside the time period or region specified in the prompt Repeat information that is specified in the prompt or in any of the documents Provide a passing phase or reference Responses that earn this point: Must use at least one specific piece of historical evidence relevant to an argument about the extent to which European imperialism affected economies in Africa and/or Asia in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries Decision Rules and Scoring Notes Examples of specific and relevant evidence beyond the documents that earn this point include the following if appropriate elaboration is provided: British investment projects, such as the building of railroads in India and Africa Large-scale European-driven infrastructure projects, such as the building of the Suez Canal Economic modernization initiatives taken by Asian and African states, such as the Meiji Restoration in Japan The forced expulsion of ethnic groups from traditional land, such as during the Herero genocide or the displacement of Arab and Berber populations in French Algeria The use of military force to require Asian and African states to alter their trading patterns, such as during the Opium Wars Examples of evidence beyond the documents relevant to an argument about the prompt: The British opium trade in China eventually led to the Opium wars, during which Britain used its military to force China to agree to unequal trade agreements. (Provides a piece of evidence not in the documents relevant to an argument about the prompt) Local elites often cooperated with European forces for their own benefit, even though those agreements did not necessarily benefit their subjects For instance, Egypt cooperated with France and Britain to build the Suez Canal, but many Egyptian workers suffered and died during the construction. (Provides a piece of evidence not in the documents relevant to an argument about the prompt) Additional Notes: Typically, statements credited as evidence will be more specific than statements credited as contextualization To earn this point, the evidence provided must be different from the evidence used to earn the point for contextualization To earn this point, the evidence provided must be more than a phrase or reference 2022 College Board AP World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines Reporting Category Row D Analysis and Reasoning Scoring Criteria Sourcing points Does not meet the criteria for one point point For at least three documents, explains how or why the documents point of view, purpose, historical situation, and/or audience is relevant to an argument Responses that not earn this point: Explain sourcing for less than three of the documents Identify the point of view, purpose, historical situation, and/or audience but fail to explain how or why it is relevant to an argument Summarize the content or argument of the document without explaining the relevance of this to the point of view, purpose, historical situation, and/or audience Examples that not earn this point: Responses that earn this point: Must explain how or whyrather than simply identifyingthe documents point of view, purpose, historical situation, or audience is relevant to an argument that addresses the prompt for each of the three documents sourced 0-2 points Decision Rules and Scoring Notes Identify the point of view, purpose, historical situation, and/or audience, but not explain how or why it is relevant to an argument The author of Document was a victim of the violence in the Belgian Congo. Summarize the content of the document without explaining the relevance of this to the point of view, purpose, historical situation, and/or audience In Document 2, the graphs show that Indian exports to Britain are declining while British exports to India are rising. Example of acceptable explanation of the significance of the authors point of view: (Document 1): The author of Document was a manager of a Dutch-government-owned sugar factory in Indonesia As a manager, it would have been his duty to report to his superiors about the damage that the Dutch Cultivation System has inflicted on the availability of Indonesian labor for his factory. (Connects the point of view of the author to an argument about the negative influence of Dutch imperial policies on the economy of Java) Example of acceptable explanation of the significance of the authors purpose: (Document 7): The purpose of the account is to document the cruelty of the Germans and the economic hardships placed on Africans working on the cotton plantations Because the account was given to African historians after Tanzania became independent, they would likely have wanted to emphasize the negative aspects of European imperialism. (Connects a plausible speculation regarding the purpose of the source to an argument about the extent to which European imperialism affected African economies) Example of acceptable explanation of the relevance of the historical situation of a source: (Document 4): The Ndebele ruler, whose territory was probably under a lot of pressure from White settlers as well as from neighboring African groups, likely thought that he had no choice but to trade away the right to mine raw materials in his country to the English in exchange for guns and a steamboat with which he could defend himself. (Connects the historical situation of the document to an argument about an economic change in Africa brought about by European imperialism) 2022 College Board AP World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines Row D (continued) Complexity points Does not meet the criteria for one point point Demonstrates a complex understanding of the historical development that is the focus of the prompt, using evidence to corroborate, qualify, or modify an argument that addresses the question Decision Rules and Scoring Notes Responses that earn this point: May demonstrate a complex understanding in a variety of ways, such as: Explaining nuance of an issue by analyzing multiple variables Explaining both similarity and difference, or explaining both continuity and change, or explaining multiple causes, or explaining both causes and effects Explaining relevant and insightful connections within and across periods Confirming the validity of an argument by corroborating multiple perspectives across themes Qualifying or modifying an argument by considering diverse or alternative views or evidence Demonstrating complex understanding might include any of the following if appropriate elaboration is provided: Analyzing multiple variables, such as considering diverse or alternate perspectives or evidence For example, a response may explore multiple economic impacts of European imperialism on native societies, including physical exploitation of native labor, collapse of traditional economic activity, restructuring and realignment of elites, changes to gender roles as a result of new economic demands, etc (Explains nuance) Explaining relevant and insightful connections across time and space For example, a response may compare the effects of European imperialism seen in Documents and with the effects of imperialism in other colonial settings where large numbers of White settlers encroached on the territories of native peoplessuch as in Australia or Algeria Or a response may compare the exploitation of native labor for the extraction of resources, as seen in Documents 1, 5, and 7, with the exploitation of native labor through indirect imperialism in Latin America through forced labor systems such as indenture and debt servitude (Explains relevant and insightful connections) Corroborating multiple perspectives, such as explaining how European imperialisms economic effects were complex and affected different segments of Asian and African societies in different ways For example, a response might argue that, in addition to its destructive or disruptive economic effects, European imperialism in some cases benefitted parts of native societies through increased trade (Document 3), limited economic modernization (Document 1), strengthening of native elites (Document 4) or economic recovery after the initial disruption (Document 6) (Corroborates, qualifies or modifies an argument by considering diverse or alternative views or evidence) Additional Notes: This demonstration of complex understanding must be part of the argument, not merely a phrase or reference 2022 College Board AP World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines Document Summaries Document Summary of Content T.G Edwards, manager of a Dutch sugar factory in Java, letter to the Dutch colonial government on labor shortages, 1858 British East India Company, data reported to the British Parliament regarding the textile trade with India, 18101830 Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, The Cultivators of Bengal, article published in the Bengali press, 1872 Explains the relevance of point of view (POV), purpose, situation, and/or audience by elaborating on examples such as: Reports on the negative effects of the imposition of the Dutch Cultivation System on the availability of Javanese labor for the sugar factory Because of the demands of the Cultivation System, Javanese workers are subject to multiple labor demands, and the factory cannot get workers despite offering good wages The graphs show divergent trends for Indian textile exports to Britain and British textile exports to India: Indian exports to Britain are declining while British exports to India are rising The drop in Indian exports to Britain is particularly sharp for the calico and muslin cloth category, while the rise in British export to India is particularly great for the plain cotton cloth category States that the growing trade between India and Britain has led to an expansion of Indian agriculture, as India has become an exporter of agricultural commodities to Britain Acknowledges that the Indian cotton industry has collapsed because of cheap British cloth imports but suggests that the collapse can be managed by Indian weavers being more open to adopting other trades, such as cultivating rice The author of Document was a manager of a Dutch-government-owned sugar factory in Indonesia As a manager, it would have been his duty to report to his superiors about the damage that the Dutch Cultivation System had inflicted on the availability of Indonesian labor for his factory (POV, purpose) The Cultivation System was an attempt by the Dutch colonial authorities in the East Indies to force the native population to produce cash crops for the Dutch This reflected a general push to make colonies more profitable for Europe by extracting raw materials or commodities for export (situation) As Great Britain was becoming an increasingly industrialized country during this period, the purpose of the EIC providing this data to Parliament may have been in part to show that it was playing its part in providing markets for British industrial goods, the most important one of which was cotton textiles (purpose) Because of the system of Company Rule in India, the EIC, rather than the British government, had effective control of large parts of the Indian subcontinent That explains why it was the EICs responsibility to collect such trade information and report it to the British Parliament (situation) The publication of this perspective on the economic impact of Indias trade with Great Britain in an Indian (Bengali) newspaper was likely meant in part to challenge the Indian audiences notions of rigid caste distinctions By emphasizing that the reluctance to give up hereditary trades has become an economic liability, the author is urging Indians to loosen the rigid restrictions in their society in order to make India more adaptable to economic change (audience, purpose) The article suggests that Chatterjee shared the position of many educated Indian intellectuals at the time that India could benefit socially and economically from British rule He emphasizes the economic benefits of trade with Britain and the opportunities trade may bring for modernizing Indian society (POV, situation) 2022 College Board AP World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines King Lobengula Khumalo, Contract with an English company over mining rights in Ndebele territory, 1888 Moyo, Congolese refugee, testimony for a Belgian investigation into abuses related to rubber collection in the Congo, 1904 Ndansi Kumalo, account of living conditions of the Ndebele in the 1890s, given to a British anticolonial activist, published in 1936 The ruler of the Ndebele enters into a contract with three British business associates of Cecil Rhodes mining company, awarding them exclusive mining rights in his territories, in exchange for a monthly payment, English rifles, and a promise to deliver a steamboat with guns on the Zambezi River Describes the hardships on the native population produced by the Belgian authorities cruel system of extracting rubber by imposing rubber production quotas on Congolese villages The villagers found it harder and harder to meet the quota, needing to go further and further into the jungle to find rubber trees As more members of village society, including women, had to work to make the rubber quota, cultivation of food crops was abandoned, and starvation set in The authorities did not reduce the quota and only provided token payments for the rubber Outlines the shifts in Ndebele economic activities after the end of the unsuccessful Ndebele revolt in 1897; the Ndebele had lost their cattle (traditional source of wealth) during the revolt and were forced into paid work for the White settlers, in mines and in agriculture In addition to that, the Ndebele were subjected to heavy taxes by the British colonial government, including a rent tax for allegedly living on White settlers land The Ndebele ruler, whose territory was probably under a lot of pressure from White settlers as well as from neighboring African groups, likely thought that he had no choice but to trade away the right to mine raw materials in his country to the English in exchange for guns and a steamboat with which he could defend himself (POV, situation) By emphasizing that various [other] persons and companies have sought the rights to mine in his territories, King Lobengula may have wanted to convey to Cecil Rhodes company that his company must abide by its obligations under the contract (purpose, audience) The Belgian authorities system of rubber extraction from the Congo reflects both the prevalent racial views in late-nineteenth-century Europe that saw Africans as racially inferior, and thus they were subjected to inhumane working conditions Europeans also recognized the economic importance of strategic natural resources such as rubber to Europes industrializing economies (situation) As an eyewitness account of a refugee from the atrocities it describes, Moyos account is likely credible in its description of the devastating economic and social toll of the Belgian rubber quota systems on Congolese villages (POV) As an oral history narrative recorded decades after the events it describes, Ndansi Kumalos account represents a long-term assessment of the social and economic effects of the Ndebele revolt on the Ndebele people As such it focuses on big changes, such as, the transition from subsistence cattle raising to wage work, especially in mining, and the transition to being integrated into the White-settler dominated economy of South Africa through the paying of taxes and using money (audience, POV) The context of the economic and social changes described in the document is the growing rate of White settlement in interior parts of southern Africa during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, encroaching on the lands of native peoples such as the Ndebele The discovery of gold, diamonds, and other resources in various parts of the region exacerbated this process (situation) 2022 College Board DBQ Q1 Sample 1A Page of DBQ Q1 Sample 1A Page of DBQ Q1 Sample 1A Page of DBQ Q1 Sample 1A Page of DBQ Q1 Sample 1B Page of DBQ Q1 Sample 1B Page of DBQ Q1 Sample 1B Page of .. .AP?